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Business process outsourcing (BPO)

Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a type of outsourcing wherein a third-party service provider is employed to carry out one or more business functions in a company. The third party is responsible for carrying out all operations related to the business function.







Types of BPO

BPO companies can be divided into several types based on their location:

  • Onshore outsourcing: When an organization hires a service provider that is located in the same country. It is also called domestic outsourcing.
  • Nearshore outsourcing: When an organization hires a service provider in a neighboring country.
  • Offshore outsourcing: When an organization hires a service provider in a different country. It is also called offshoring

Benefits of BPO

1. Lower costs

One of the main reasons organizations outsource is cost reduction. Instead of buying IT equipment and hiring more employees to do different tasks, they can outsource the tasks to a service provider, reducing or even eliminating overhead costs.

2. Higher efficiency

BPO companies are experienced in different fields and perform at the highest level. They also adopt best practices and use the latest technology. It naturally results in higher efficiency and greater productivity.

3. Focus on core business functions

Many companies, usually start-ups, encounter a difficult time with ancillary business activities. Transferring non-core processes to a BPO company gives the organization more time to focus on its main business activities.

4. Global expansion

If an organization decides to enter an overseas market, some activities that require local market knowledge, national law expertise, or fluency in a foreign language can be assigned to a BPO company. It helps in boosting efficiency and quicker expansion.

Drawbacks of BPO

1. Security issues

There is the possibility of a security breach while working with a BPO company as sensitive data needs to be shared and processed.

2. Overdependence on the BPO company

When work is outsourced to a BPO company for a long period, an organization can become accustomed to the way they work and tend to get overdependent on them. It leads to the organization paying higher than the usual costs if demanded.

3. Communication problems

When working with an offshore BPO company, the language barrier may turn out to be a hindrance to efficiency. Outsourcing work such as development or IT services, where a lot of people are involved, can lead to mistakes due to miscommunication. It can be extremely costly sometimes.

4. Unforeseen or hidden costs

As work is not always hard and fast, the organization may underestimate the quantity of work, and it can lead to costs that are higher than expected. Working with a BPO company can lead to legal expenses in case of a dispute or disagreement. Delay in delivery of work can also result in indirect costs.


The Attraction of Business Process Outsourcing


Companies are often drawn to BPO because it affords them greater operational flexibility. By outsourcing non-core and administrative functions, companies can reallocate time and resources to core competencies like customer relations and product leadership, which ultimately results in advantages over competing businesses in their industry.

BPO offers businesses access to innovative technological resources that they might not otherwise have exposure to. BPO partners and companies constantly strive to improve their processes by adopting the most recent technologies and practices.

Since the U.S. corporate income tax is among the highest in the developed world, American companies benefit from outsourcing operations to countries with lower income taxes and cheaper labor forces as viable cost reduction measures.

BPO also offers companies the benefits of quick and accurate reporting, improved productivity, and the ability to swiftly reassign its resources, when necessary.

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